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Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 46(1), 2010, pp. 297-302
© Wildlife Disease Association  2010
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SHORT COMMUNICATION

Identification of Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) First-Stage Larvae in the Feces of Gray Wolves (Canis lupus) by Molecular Methods

 Heather M. Bryan1,2, Kathrin A. Sim3, Chris T. Darimont2,4, Paul C. Paquet2,5, Brent Wagner6, Violeta Muñoz-Fuentes7, Judit E. Smits1 and Neil B. Chilton3,8

1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
2 Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Box 86, Denny Island, British Columbia V0T 1B0, Canada
3 Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
4 Environmental Studies Department, 405 ISB, University of California, 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
5 Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
6 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
7 Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
8 Corresponding author (email: neil.chilton{at}usask.ca)

ABSTRACT:   First-stage nematode larvae with a dorsal-spine (DSL) were detected in five of 1,565 fecal samples from gray wolves (Canis lupus) collected in British Columbia, Canada, between 2005 and 2008. Molecular techniques were used to identify the DSL because it was not possible to determine their species identity using morphologic characters. The DSL were identified as Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei based on the results of single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analyses and DNA sequencing of the ribosomal DNA first and second internal transcribed spacers. Finding DSL of P. odocoilei in the feces of gray wolves was unexpected because P. odocoilei adults are parasites of cervids and bovids. The most likely explanation for the presence of DSL in wolf feces is that they were ingested along with the viscera of recently consumed prey. This was probably black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus), which are known in the sampling area to be hosts of P. odocoilei. The present study demonstrates the use of SSCP and DNA sequencing for the identification, to the species level, of parasitic nematode larvae in feces.
  Key words:  Accidental parasite, Canis lupus, dorsal-spined nematode larvae, gray wolf, Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei, PCR-based methods, single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP).






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