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Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 45(2), 2009, pp. 363-374
© Wildlife Disease Association  2009
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AERIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ONRAB® BAITS AS A TACTIC TO CONTROL RABIES IN RACCOONS AND STRIPED SKUNKS IN ONTARIO, CANADA

 R. C. Rosatte1,5, D. Donovan1, J. C. Davies1, M. Allan1, P. Bachmann1, B. Stevenson1, K. Sobey1, L. Brown1, A. Silver1, K. Bennett1, T. Buchanan1, L. Bruce1, M. Gibson1, A. Beresford2, A. Beath2, C. Fehlner-Gardiner3 and K. Lawson4

1 Rabies Research and Development Unit, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Trent University, DNA Building, 2140 East Bank Dr., Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada
2 Artemis Technologies Inc., Guelph, Ontario N1L 1E3, Canada
3 Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Nepean, Ontario K1A 0Y9, Canada
4 PO Box 121, 13260 Keele St., King City, Ontario L7B 1A4, Canada
5 Corresponding author (email: rick.rosatte{at}ontario.ca)

ABSTRACT:   During August 2006 and 2007, baits containing oral rabies vaccine, live adenovirus vector, known as ONRAB® , were aerially distributed in SW Ontario, Canada. Bait acceptance during 2006 was 62 and 74% in raccoons (Procyon lotor) in areas baited at 150 baits/km2 and 75 and 77% in plots baited at 300 baits/km2. During 2007, bait acceptance for raccoons ranged between 59% and 80%, and 83% and 87%, in areas baited at 75 and 400 baits/km2, respectively. Bait acceptance by skunks varied among plots (5–24%). Rabies virus-specific seroconversion during 2006 averaged 66 and 81% in raccoons in areas baited at 150 and 300 baits/km2, respectively. During 2007, seroconversion by raccoons was 76 and 84% in areas baited at 75 and 400 baits/km2, respectively. Seroconversion by skunks varied among plots (17–51%). Vaccine efficacy, as judged by the percentage of animals that consumed a bait and seroconverted, averaged 79 and 87% during 2006 for raccoons in areas baited at 150 and 300 baits/km2, respectively, and 81 and 90% in areas baited during 2007 at 75 and 400 baits/km2, respectively. Because tetracycline marking was poor in skunks, an estimate of vaccine efficacy was not possible. Aerial distribution of ONRAB® vaccine baits seems to be a feasible tactic for controlling rabies in skunks and raccoons.
  Key words:  Mephitis mephitis, Ontario, oral rabies vaccination, Procyon lotor, rabies, raccoon, striped skunk, vaccine.






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