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Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 44(3), 2008, pp. 748-752
© Wildlife Disease Association  2008
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SHORT COMMUNICATION

Immobilization of Black Bears (Ursus americanus) with a Combination of Butorphanol, Azaperone, and Medetomidine

 Lisa L. Wolfe1,4, Catherine T. Goshorn2 and Sharon Baruch-Mordo3

1 Colorado Division of Wildlife, Wildlife Research Center, 317 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526-2097, USA
2 Frisco Creek Wildlife Rehabilitation Center, Colorado Division of Wildlife, Del Norte, Colorado 81132, USA
3 Department of Fishery, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1474, USA
4 Corresponding author (email lisa.wolfe{at}state.co.us)

ABSTRACT:   Sixteen captive and five free-ranging black bears (Ursus americanus) were immobilized with a combination of butorphanol, azaperone, and medetomidine (BAM). The BAM drug combination was premixed using 0.5 ml butorphanol (30 mg/ml), 0.25 ml azaperone (50 mg/ml), and 0.25 ml medetomidine (20 mg/ml) per milliliter to yield a final mix of (15 mg butorphanol + 12.5 mg azaperone + 5 mg medetomidine)/ml. This combination, dosed at 0.4 ml BAM/~23 kg estimated body weight, provided a mean induction time of 10 min (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2 min), consistent anesthesia without apparent adverse effects, and smooth recovery (mean = 15 min, 95% CI = 4 min) after antagonism with atipamezole (5 mg/mg medetomidine) alone or in combination with naltrexone (5 mg/mg butorphanol). Based on our initial observations, BAM appears to be a reversible and accessible drug combination for immobilizing black bears that merits further evaluation for field use.
  Key words:  Atipamezole, azaperone, black bear, butorphanol, chemical immobilization, medetomidine, naltrexone, Ursus americanus.






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