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¹ Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
² Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
³ Israel Nature and Parks Authority, 3 Am Ve’Olamo Street, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
⁴ Corresponding author (email: shpigeln{at}agri.huji.ac.il)

ABSTRACT:   Serum samples from 35 golden jackals (Canis aureus syriacus), eight wolves (Canis lupus), and four red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from various regions of Israel were collected during the years 2001–04 and tested for antibodies to Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) types C and D. Antibodies against BoNT types C and D were detected in 10 (29%) and in 3 (9%) of 35 golden jackals, respectively, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This report describes detection of anti BoNT antibodies in wild canids other than coyotes (Canis latrans) for the first time and demonstrates that C. botulinum type C is prevalent in Israel.
  Key words:  Botulism, Canis aureus syriacus, Canis lupus, Clostridium botulinum, golden jackal, serology, Vulpes vulpes, wild canids.