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Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 42(3), 2006, pp. 625-632
© Wildlife Disease Association  2006
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HEMATOLOGY, SERUM CHEMISTRY, AND SEROLOGY OF GALÁPAGOS PENGUINS (SPHENISCUS MENDICULUS) IN THE GALÁPAGOS ISLANDS, ECUADOR

Erika K. Travis1,2,6,7, F. Hernan Vargas3, Jane Merkel1,4, Nicole Gottdenker5, R. Eric Miller1 and Patricia G. Parker1,4

1 Saint Louis Zoo, One Government Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
2 College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 203 Veterinary Medicine Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
3 Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, University of Oxford, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, OX13 5QL, UK
4 Department of Biology, University of Missouri—Saint Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, Saint Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
5 Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
7 Corresponding author (email: erikazoovet{at}yahoo.com)

ABSTRACT:   The Galápagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) is an endangered species endemic to the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. In 2003 and 2004, 195 penguins from 13 colonies on the islands of Isabela and Fernandina in the Galápagos archipelago were examined. Genetic sexing of 157 penguins revealed 62 females and 95 males. Hematology consisted of packed cell volume (n = 134), white blood cell differentials (n = 83), and hemoparasite blood smear evaluation (n = 114). Microfilariae were detected in 22% (25/114) of the blood smears. Female penguins had significantly higher eosinophil counts than males. Serum chemistry on 83 penguins revealed no significant differences between males and females. Birds were seronegative to avian paramyxovirus type 1–3, avian influenza virus, infectious bursal disease virus, Marek’s disease virus (herpes), reovirus, avian encephalomyelitis virus, and avian adenovirus type 1 and 2 (n = 75), as well as to West Nile virus (n = 87), and Venezuelan, western and eastern equine encephalitis viruses (n = 26). Seventy-five of 84 (89%) penguins had antibodies to Chlamydophila psittaci but chlamydial DNA was not detected via polymerase chain reaction in samples from 30 birds.
  Key words:  Chemistry, filarid, Galápagos Islands, hematology, hemoparasite, penguin, serology, Spheniscus mendiculus.

6 Current address: Utah’s Hogle Zoo, 2600 E. Sunnyside Avenue, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA






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