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¹ Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA;
² South Carolina Veterinary Emergency Care, Columbia, South Carolina 29210, USA;
³ Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
⁴ Corresponding author (email: susan.little{at}okstate.edu)

ABSTRACT:   A white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawn was collected in Missouri (USA) and submitted for diagnostic evaluation. Necropsy and histologic examination revealed severe Amblyomma americanum infestation, pronounced icterus, and marked hemosiderin deposition in the liver and spleen. Whole blood evaluation revealed a normocytic normochromic anemia and a piroplasm parasitemia of approximately 70%. The piroplasm was identified as Theileria cervi by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the V4 variable region of the 18S rRNA gene from a paraffin-embedded section of lung. Although T. cervi parasitemias have been commonly reported in healthy white-tailed deer, the severe parasitemia in this fawn may have contributed to overt clinical disease, perhaps as part of a combined malnutrition and parasitemia syndrome.
  Key words:  Amblyomma americanum, lone star tick, Odocoileus virginianus, Theileriosis, Theileria cervi, white-tailed deer.

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