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1 Department of Wildlife, National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
2 Åkervägen 24E, SE-952 62 Kalix, Sweden
3 Department of Pathology, National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
4 Department of Poultry, National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
5 Corresponding author (email: torsten.morner{at}sva.se)
ABSTRACT:
Ninety-eight brown bears (Ursus arctos), 20 gray wolves (Canis lupus), and 27 wolverines (Gulo gulo), all free-ranging, were submitted to the National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden, during 19872001 for investigation of diseases and causes of mortality. The most common cause of natural death in brown bears was infanticide. Infanticide also was observed in wolverines but not in wolves. Traumatic injuries, originating from road or railway accidents, were the most common cause of death in wolves and occurred occasionally in brown bears. Most wolverines were submitted as forensic cases in which illegal hunting/poaching was suspected. Sarcoptic mange was observed in several wolves but not in brown bears or wolverines. Sarcoptic mange most likely was acquired from infected red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) that were killed by wolves. Other parasites and infectious diseases were only found sporadically.
Key words: Brown bear, Canis lupus, diseases, forensic medicine, Gulo gulo, infanticide, mange, mortality, pathology, Sarcoptes scabiei, trauma, Ursus arctos, wolf, wolverine.
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