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Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 40(4), 2004, pp. 670-681
© Wildlife Disease Association  2004
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HAIR-LOSS SYNDROME IN BLACK-TAILED DEER OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST

Robert J. Bildfell1,5, James W. Mertins2, Jack A. Mortenson3 and Doug F. Cottam4

1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 105 Magruder Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
2 US Department of Agriculture—Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, 1800 Dayton Road, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
3 US Department of Agriculture—Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, 530 Center St. NE #335, Salem, Oregon 97301, USA
4 Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2040 SE Marine Science Drive, Newport, Oregon 97365, USA
5 Corresponding author (email: Rob.Bildfell{at}oregonstate.edu)

A widespread hair-loss syndrome (HLS) has affected Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in western Oregon and Washington (USA) since 1996. In order to better characterize the condition, 21 HLS-affected black-tailed deer (BTD) were necropsied, and body condition, parasite burdens, and significant lesions were noted. All deer were in poor body condition, and at least 17 had severe internal parasite burdens. A consistent finding was the presence of large numbers of chewing lice, identified as an indeterminate species of Damalinia (Cervicola). Four animals were infested with intrafollicular Demodex sp., the first report of this genus of mites in BTD. We postulate that the hair loss is largely due to ectoparasitism by a species of chewing louse that represents a new pathogen for BTD. This loss of pelage also may be an important contributor to the poor body condition of these animals.

  Key words:  Alopecia, Columbian black-tailed deer, Damalinia (Cervicola), Demodex odocoilei, hair loss, lice, Odocoileus hemionus columbianus, parasites, pediculosis.




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