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Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 15(1), 1979, pp. 3-9
© Wildlife Disease Association  1979
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Antibodies to Clostridium botulinum toxins in free-living birds and mammals

I Ohishi, G Sakaguchi, H Riemann, D Behymer, and B Hurvell


ABSTRACT

Naturally-occuring antibodies against Clostridium botulinum toxins were found in Cathartes aura (turkey vultures), Canis latrans (coyotes) and Corvus brachyrhynchos (crows) by the passive hemagglutination (PHA) test and verified by the serum neutralization (SN) test. The prevalence of IHA antibodies was 18 of 20 vultures (90%), 5 of 12 crows (42%) and 25 to 110 coyotes (23%). Vultures and coyotes were seropositive by the PHA test against A, B, C, D, and F toxins. The highest antibody titer 1:8192 was in vulture serum against type C. In descending order, the highest antibody levels were against type C, D, F, E, A and B toxins.


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A. Steinman, N. Millet, C. Frenkel, R. King, and N. Y. Shpigel
Presence of Antibotulinum Neurotoxin Antibodies in Selected Wild Canids in Israel
J. Wildl. Dis., July 1, 2007; 43(3): 548 - 550.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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